Essay on The Human Genome Project - 1579 Words

Does the Human Genome Project effect the moral standards of society? Can the information produced by it become a beneficial asset or a moral evil? For example, X chromosome markers can be used to identify ethnicity. A seemingly harmless collection of information from the Human Genome Project. But lets assume this information is used to explore ways to deny entry into countries, determine social class, or who gets preferential treatment. Whether or not this type of treatment is acceptable to a moral society remains to be seen. The major events of genetic history are important to understanding the Human Genome Project. Genetics is the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits. The basic beginnings of genetic history lay in†¦show more content†¦quot;Research and technology efforts aimed at mapping and sequencing large portions or entire genomes are called Genome projectsquot;(Congress, 202). Genome projects are not the effort of a single organization, but instead are groups of organizations working in government and private industry throughout the world. The controversies surrounding the Human Genome Project can be better explained by explaining the structural and moral aspects of the project. Begun in 1990, the US Human Genome Project is a 15-year effort coordinated by the US Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Its purposes are to identify all the estimated 80,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical bases that make up human DNA , store this information in databases, and develop tools for data analysis. The objectives of the Human Genome Project are carried out by organizations such as the National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and various other private organizations. These organizations all have two shared objectives, placing quot;new methods and instruments into the tool-kit of molecular biologyquot; and quot;building research infrastructure for geneticsquot;(Murphy, 17). Any attempt to resolve moral issues involving new information from the Human Genome ProjectShow MoreRelatedThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. Every strand is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Complementary strands are paired in certain ways. Cytosine always pairs with guanine and adenine always pairs with thymine. The human genome holds about 3 billion base pairs, found in the chromosomes. Each of the 46 chromosomes are composed of thousands of genesRead MoreThe Human Of Human Genome Project995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Human Genome Project has been introduced to us more than twenty-five years from now. It was Initiated and sponsored by the National Human Genome Research Institute, the project was introduced aiming at researching more human genes in order to understand, read genes and find cure for diseases. It guided the medical field to new direction but at the same time created new challenges and problems. The primary objective of the project isn’t wrong or questionable but s ome believe its implications areRead MoreThe Human Genome Project?1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Human Genome Project Today we are learning the language in which God created life . . . humankind is on the verge of gaining immense new power to heal. Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives, and even more on the lives of our children. It will revolutionise the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases. - Bill Clinton, June 2002. The Human Genome Project came into existence in the late 1980 s asRead MoreThe Human Genome Project763 Words   |  3 Pages The author, Francis S. Collins, is the man responsible for the successful completion of Human Genome Project (HGP). HGP is an international multidisciplinary scientific research project which was involved in mapping and sequencing human DNA and determining the various aspects of its function. With this incredible expertise to his credit, Dr. Collins in the book ‘The Language of Life’ talks about personalizing medicine by understanding the DNA of each individual. The author starts by narrating someRead MoreThe Human Genome Project541 Words   |  2 Pages The Human Genome Project (HGP) began in 1990 with funding from the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health with the goal of decoding the human genome. Researchers from across the world are working in conjunction to understand the sequence of amino acid base pairs and how they interact with one another to elicit specific genetic reactions. Once the decoding of the genome takes place, scientists will be able to develop individual treatment plans and understand a number of diseasesRead MoreThe Human Genome Project ( Hgp )1324 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2000, the $3 billion dollar project--The Human Genome Project (HGP)--came to completion. Geneticists can now provide a patient with a comprehensive map of their DNA sequence. Obtaining such information can tell a patient if they have the gene variant associated with many different genetically linked diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetes, heart conditions or even cancer. This medical revolution can indicate what drugs to take, at what dosage and what lifestyle choices can be made in order to preventRead MoreThe Human Genome Project : A Research Project1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe human genome project is a research project which had a purpose of being able to map and understand all the genes of human beings and organisms (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014a) and to determine the DNA sequence of the complete genome (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014b). The Human genome project enabled researchers to obtain the instructions they needed to gain an understanding of how to build an individualRead MoreEvolution Of The Human Genome Project1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhile many diseases and viruses are caused by outside sources, some diseases occur from within the human body. Regular ailments can be cured with medicine, or fought off overtime by getting a vaccine, but certain diseases and anomalies cannot be direct ly treated. This is because they are genetically inherited by certain parts of one’s DNA. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and is inherited from the parents of a person. These strands, found within the nucleus of all cells, determine the appearanceRead MoreThe Human Genome Project A Go Or No?1319 Words   |  6 Pages Is the Human Genome Project a Go or No? Rapid growth in the health field over the past several decades has brought with it many advancements even in the prenatal stages of life, one may think this is all positive, but is it really? With all new technology and advancements in the health field the lives of humans can be heavily impacted by these advancements in the study of human genes. The study of the human genome began in the early 1990s and involved into a global project. The purpose was toRead MoreThe Human Genome Project ( Hgp )1000 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic Engineering The Human Genome Project (HGP) completely mapped human DNA for the first time in April, 2003. In addition, the HGP revealed that there are probably about 20,500 human genes, which is significantly fewer than originally predicted. This ultimate product of the HGP has given the world a resource of detailed information about the structure, organization and function of the complete set of human genes. This information can be thought of as the basic set of inheritable instructions

Essay about Censorship - 943 Words

Censorship The freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit quot;controversialquot; books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books and periodicals are not the only ones being suppressed by pressures to the political and social systems. They are also being brought against the educational system, films, radio, television, and against the graphic and theatre arts. However or whenever these†¦show more content†¦There has been an increasing trend towards childrens literature that reflects a more realistic approach to the life both fiction and non-fiction, with subjects that include sex, homosexuality, divorce, child abuse, drugs, violence, etc. And they are these realistic books that have people outraged. In school libraries, the most frequent complaints come from parents about the schools selections. And in public libraries, parents were once again the single greatest source of challenges to materials. The world is filled with quot;obscenequot; things. And it would seem that those parents are just trying to protect their children from the outside world. But does it really help? These day, an average elementary school student knows many things. They are influenced by a wide range of sources, from television and other forms of media, their environment at home and school, their personality and their background. Why they read does not necessarily mean that they will follow. Literature is a valued source of knowledge for these children, and should not be held back. So rather than applying full censorship, it should be made an age- related censorship. Many of the complaints that were issued were of the immaturity of the readers. And younger children should be prevented from borrowing material intended for an older age group. Controversial materials should still be held either in reserve stock, available on request, or under a section for parents andShow MoreRelatedCensorship : Censorship And Censorship Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn the modern sense, political correctness has become a form of censorship. With protestors forcing students to find alternate routes to school or pushing the administration to cancel guest speakers in fear of triggering students, the modern-day university is no longer a place of free, critical, thinking, but a place of censorship. Political correctness (is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended pr imarily not to offend or disadvantage any group of people in society. InRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of Music1544 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s music, otherwise known as, censorships. A crisis has emerged concerning the issue of censorship. This argument consists of two possible stances: one, supporting the continuation of censorship, and two, eliminating the status quo of censorships in the music industry. There have been countless debates and arguments regarding the issues of censorship ever since the U.S. Congress passed the Radio Act in 1927 (The History). The time has arrived for censorship to be brought to an end. The governmentRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagestruth.. This influenced freedom of the press rights and embracing those rights to the constitution (Linder). Recently the issue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital M illennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppressionRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet1754 Words   |  8 PagesCensorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmful. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorshipRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1640 Words   |  7 PagesHow is Censorship Beneficial? How is censorship used? Is it good or was it bad? Censorship is a good thing because people do not want kids looking at bad pictures. Censorship stops them from seeing that because it makes it to where there are books being banned and movies being rated. Also, censorship allows the government to control and limit exposure to several different types of things. Censorship is well known and was even used in the past. Censorship should be allowed in schools to prevent kidsRead MoreCensorship Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right to petition the government for a redress of government.†(Ravitch, 118) As stated in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, the people of this nation have the right to exercise their beliefs out loud, or in writing. With this in mind, does the government have the right to undermine the foundation of our nation, and censor what we readRead More The Censorship Debate795 Words   |  4 Pages The Censorship Debate nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Do words such as nigger, bitch, or ass offend you?nbsp; The answer may seem clear cut, but our nation has been struggling with the issue of censorship almost since its conception.nbsp; To many, the aforementioned words are a part of their everyday vocabulary; to others, they are vulgar and unacceptable.nbsp; The issue of censorship is much more than just words.nbsp; There have been huge controversies over the negative ideas andRead More Censorship Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship The Columbia Encyclopedia defines censorship as the official prohibition or restriction of any type of expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral order. It is necessarily broad definition. Any type of expression in fact, covers just about everything from clothing to print to movements and even to simply being. George Bernard Shaw described assassination as an extreme form of censorship. It is now omnipresent in society and has been as long as society has existedRead MoreCensorship in the Media1115 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship necessary? â€Å"Once a government is committed to the principle of silencing the voice of opposition, it has only one way to go, and that is down the path of increasingly repressive measures, until it becomes a source of terror to all its citizens and creates a country where everyone lives in fear. -- Harry S Truman Thesis: Although some people believe that censorship is adequate to select what things does the society will be good and can live around it while others believe that there

Nursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing Ethics for Utilitarian Approach and Deontology. Answer: Introduction The case study is concerned about Sam. Sam is a 21 years old boy, who had been admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain. According to the reports he had a past medical history of drug associated psychosis. Self harming and agitated behavior of Sam have compelled the clinical staffs to put him under restraints. According to Camilla, who was the nurse attending Sam , restraint on Sam would not only exacerbate Sams violence and agitation, but will also put other patients and the nurse at risk. The following essay will throw light on the different codes of ethics of nursing that have been breached in this case study. This essay will also critically analyze the nursing codes of ethics and the rights of human dignity associated to this case. The essay will further explain the utilization of the alternative methods of care for the preservation of the ethics of nursing. Discussion Utilitarian approach- This approach assesses an action in terms of the consequences and the outcomes. According to this ethics any decision would be made for the greater good. One act can be harmful for a particular patient, but it would provide safety to the other patients (Gray Schein, 2012). Deontology- The deontological approach is the normative ethical position that will determine the morality of action based on the rules. As per the deontological of ethics, an action may be considered as good, because of the feature of the action itself and not because of the product of the action ( Gray Schein, 2012). Libertarianism- This approach emphasizes on freedom of choice, individual judgment, freedom of speech and autonomy. In this case it is evident that the clinical staffs have imposed restraints on Sam, which may be considered as the breaching of the autonomy of the patient (Gray Schein, 2012). Even if the entire intent was for the betterment of the patient, leaving the patient out of his decisions leads to violation of the self of the concerned patient. Natural Law: this theory suggests that law and morality are interdependent and are interconnected. As per the theories of the Natural law, morality in human beings is derived from the nature (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Virtual theory: this approach emphasizes on giving importance to the individual character. There are 3 main virtues of ethics. They are- Ethics of care, Eudaimonism and Agent based theories (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Egalitarianism: Equity should be maintained among all the people living in the society. This concept is based on the fact that all human beings are equal. This approach is well acceptable in nursing practices, as this is one of the sole principles that a nurse should follow (Gray Schein, 2012). In this case it can be found that if the nurse performs according to the convenience of the patient, then it can bring in harm for the other clinical staffs. Again for the safety of other patients, if the patient is applied restraint and is tied, then it will be against the nursing ethics of autonomy (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). The different ethical of virtues of Principlism are Justice, Non maleficience, beneficence, respect for the autonomy of the patient and respect for human integrity and dignity (Beauchamp, 2016). The ethical principle of Autonomy refers to freedom in patients. Another ethical principle refers to Beneficence (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). This principle approaches a type of care that is best for the patient and involves good conduct of the nurses. In order to apply beneficence in nursing, nurses sometimes have to take up rude decisions which are intended for the betterment of the patient. The principle of Non maleficense follows that a patient should not be harmed at any cost (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It should be made sure that the act that is being done with the patient is intrinsically not wrong and have some underlying superior effects. The concept of Justice refers to a complicated conundrum, if a patient is forcibly detained against his consent. In this case study the different principles of ethics that has been breached are beneficence, Justice, Non maleficence and Respect for patient autonomy, respect for human dignity (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). The primary codes of ethics that have been breached in this case is that Although Sam was showing anger and aggression, he would not be harmed at any cost (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). Second ethical issue that has been breached in this case is non-maleficence shown by the nurse named Julia. According to Julia, investing time on Sam would be just a waste of time. In case of Camilla, the type of dilemma that has been faced by her is of utilitarian approach. The statements made by Julia are associated to the moral and the ethical principle of Utilitarian approach (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). This kind of approach can ham the individual but it would cater to some greater good. In this case, it is clearly evident that if Sam is set free then he might harm other patients and the clinical staffs, which will reduce the maximum, benefit (Butts Rich, 2015). Principles of maleficence indicate that no patient should be harmed in any way, thus principle of maleficence have been breached in this c ase (Grace, 2017). Secondly, it can be seen from the concerned case study that Julia had expressed discontent regarding provision of treatment to Sam. Thus, the principles of Justice and Egalitarianism had been breached in this case. It is evident from the case study that Camilla is inclined to the concept of deontology and thus is perturbed about the mental condition of Sam (Beauchamp, 2016). As per the theory of virtue, it is necessary to consider the condition of the individual before judging a patient. In this case Julia is judging Sam on the basis of his attitude and action. She is not considerate about the mental health of Sam and is more concerned about their own well being. It is clearly evident from the case study that Camilla has been showing concerns for Sam as well as her peers. Therefore it can be said that Camilla is adopting the egalitarianism theory that believes on equality among the all human beings. It is proved from the case study that Camillas mind set is directed by the ethical principle of liberty (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Only Camilla has identified that although application of restraint would bring about positive impact on other patients and nurses, this would be against the rights of liberty of Sam. There are certain codes of professional conduct that needs to be upheld by the nurses during their nursing regimen. A nurse should be able to provide care to the patient that is culturally safe and competent. A nurse should be able to provide a quality nursing care to all the patients (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Nurses should be able to value the culturally diversified people and would be able to provide a care that is patient centered. As per the nursing codes of conduct it is necessary to rule out the determinants of poor health such as race, psychosocial and the cognitive disability, socio economic statues (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). It is essential to built up a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable ambience to mitigate the harmful effects of these social determinants. Human dignity is an individuals sense of self worth and self respect (Grace, 2017, Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). Every patient has been entitled to get some basal level of care, which includes food, shelter and personal safety. The human rights in nursing practice involves respect, proper recognition, protection of economic, civil, cultural and political rights in human beings (Curto et al., 2016). It should be noted that there are certain episodes of care that may appear to be frightening for the patient and can conflict with the ethics of human dignity. In this case Sam has been applied restraint, so that he does not harm himself and others, but such an action can lead to further agitation and annoyance in Sam and erosion of his dignity. The practice of nursing is something beyond delivering care to the patients. It includes provision of maleficence, beneficence, patent advocacy, justice and integrity to the patient(Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It is evident from the case study that the medical team had ordered restraint on Sam. As a nurse it is essential to understand the physical and the emotional burden in Sam, which is acute abdominal pain and his psychosocial dysfunction (Ivanov Oden, 2013). Therefore as a nurse my first recommendation can be to adopt alternative techniques which would be safe and would not harm the integrity of the patient. It should be mentioned that application of restraint may be dangerous for mental patients. A patient with psychosocial problems should be dealt holistically, such that an ambience of trust generates between the patient and the nurse. Sam could have been left alone for some times unless he settled down them he could have convinced regarding is treatment. It is known from the case study that apart from Camilla, the other clinical staffs were resentful in attending Sam. Instead of doing this, all the clinical staffs could have utilized a collaborative approach and would have acted as a therapeutic team in care of Sam. Conclusion The above mentioned case study provides us with a vivid idea regarding the nursing codes of ethics and also determines the ethical codes that have been breached in this case. Thus it can be concluded that non-maleficence, beneficence, dignity and integrity in patients should be considered critically while dealing with patients like Sam. However keeping his aggression and agitation in mind, restraints would support the law of deontology but can have negative impact on mental patients. References Beauchamp, T. L. (2016). Principlism in Bioethics. InBioethical Decision Making and Argumentation(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. 27 September 2016 Buchanan, A. (2010). The egalitarianism of human rights.Ethics,120(4), 679-710. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. (2013).Ethics and issues in contemporary nursing. Nelson Education. Butts, J., Rich, K. (2015). Foundations of Ethical Nursing Practice.Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice,117.p.p. 117 Chadwick, R., Gallagher, A. (2016).Ethics and nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Curto, M., Masters, G. A., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Centorrino, F. (2016). Factors Associated with Costs of Hospitalization of Severely Mentally Ill Patients.Bipolar Disord,2(104), 2. DOI: 10.4172/jbd.1000104 Gray, K., Schein, C. (2012). Two minds vs. two philosophies: Mind perception defines morality and dissolves the debate between deontology and utilitarianism.Review of Philosophy and Psychology,3(3), 405-423. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Ivanov, L. L., Oden, T. L. (2013). Public health nursing, ethics and human rights.Public Health Nursing,30(3), 231-238. DOI:10.1111/phn.12022 Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review.Journal of advanced nursing,71(8), 1744-1757. DOI:10.1111/jan.12619 Kangasniemi, M., Vaismoradi, M., Jasper, M., Turunen, H. (2013). Ethical issues in patient safety: Implications for nursing management.Nursing ethics,20(8), 904-916. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733013484488 Lin, Y. P., Watson, R., Tsai, Y. F. (2013). Dignity in care in the clinical setting: A narrative review.Nursing Ethics,20(2), 168-177.retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Taylor, R. M. (2013). Ethical principles and concepts in medicine.Handbook of clinical neurology,118, 1-9. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00001-9

Magnetism Designation and Benchmarking

Question: Show the relationship between the qualities specified by the magnetism designation and benchmarking strategies within evidence-based practice models. Answer: There are 14 forces of the magnetism were originally recognized first. They remained constant and pertinent throughout the years. In the year 2007, the American Nurses Credentialing Center had generated a new magnetism form that line up the fourteen forces of magnetism with five components of magnetic. This newly developed model shows a new viewpoint on the sources of evidence and their interaction to generate a working atmosphere that supports very much in the service of the nurses. Five components of magnetism: The five components of the magnetic operation are transformational leadership, structural empowerment, exemplary professional practice, new knowledge, innovations and improvements, and empirical quality result or outcome (Ellis, 2011). Description of each components:The leadership is transformational is the first component that sets a mission, vision and goals and very important in the organizations. This component is observable, accessible, apparent, and helpful. As per to this component the mentors are the future leaders. Leadership creates uncompetitive interdisciplinary association (Crozerkeystone.org, 2015). The components of the structure comprise bedside nurses in decision-making, support professional association movement and include their support based principles into perform. These five components expect the staff or nurses to grow professionally with the continuation of education, qualifications and progressing rationally. This component expands nurses as teacher, mentor, preceptors, and role models. This component helps in the identification of the involvement of nurses. Professional performance is exemplary implements the patient and his family centered nurture care plan or module and employs nursing staff in the progress of their surroundings and concern for the patient. This encourages continuous, reliable, competent and accountable release of nursing concern. This appoints nurses in the recruitment, development and budget progression and develops mutually respectful interdisciplinary relations to optimum the care for the patient and his or her family. This supports nursing self-sufficiency while expect accountability and responsibility in return. It always develops, supports, and measures proficiency the law for the nurses is a standard for practicing privacy, security and confidentiality. The healthcare requirements for varied patients are addressed here. To promote program that maintain the work atmosphere healthy and safe for employees. organization actions to maintain patients safety, like facts based medication and the other projects measures includes nurses in improving core HCAHP actions to develop the pain quality supervision. The new knowledge, improvement, and innovation involve the progress of nursing explore and circulate. These components include the achievement of proof based performance and calculate and employ novice or innovative way of care release. Outcomes are measurable components, Here the magnet acknowledgment plan centered on formation and progression.In this novice magnetism structure, having a sturdy method and process are introductory. The focal point has move to the result of these formation and progresses and analyze their goals.Outputs are classified into terms of clinical results that are related to the nursing. The workers results, customer and patient outputs, and magnetic organizational conclusion,quantitative goals are achieved. The magnetism forces and its associated components: The magnetism forces for the components of the transformational leadership are the leadership nursing quality and the managing approach. The magnetism forces for the empowerment are structure of the organization, healthcare and community organization, image of nursing and personal policy and program. The magnetism forces for the exemplary professional practice are the professional models of care, quality for care, improve of quality, Resources and consultation, autonomy, nurses as teaching staff, and interdisciplinary relationship. The forces of magnetism for the new knowledge, innovation and improvement are the quality care for research based practice, improvement of quality. The magnetism force for the empirical quality outcomes is quality of care. Each force and its components its associated forces influence evidence-based leadership in an organization: 1.The forces of magnetism and quality of nursing leadership and management style are associated with the components of transformational leadership. Well experienced and educated nursing leaders follow a well constructed plan and a visionary philosophy in the operation of the nursing services. Together the nursing leaders and the health care centers formed a surroundings supporting contribution. The nursing leadership and the management are the two interconnected magnetic forces for the leadership transformation. The chief nursing officer and the other senior reader are working together in team the nurse manager supports the empowerment of the staff and to provide assistance and to generate new opportunity for the staff nurse to grow their work efficiency (Woodworth, 2015). So the transformed leadership and its associated forces are influencing the evidence based leadership in a hospital. 2. Nurses all over magnet renowned organizations are associated with the shared governance and decision creating configuration and the ways to maintain values of practice and attend to opportunity for development. The image of nursing is improved when the CNO exerts influence on calculated scheduling and executive at the uppermost level. Nursing leaders serve up on judgment making bodies that serve for the betterment in care for the patient their safe, proficient, and successful process and function of the association. The data flows and making decision is a multidimensional between the professional nursing staffs at the leadership, bedside, inter trained staffs, and the CNO (Patricia et al., 2015). This develops a positive effect of nursing labor management. There is teamwork between the community originations with good outcomes that resulted from the networking with the nurses. The structural empowerment and its associated forces support the evidence based leadership. 3. The practice for exemplary professional is supported by successful and well-organized services for care, inter professional association, and better results. Here the nurses be friendly with patients and his families, support systems, and inter professional teams that result in the betterment of the patient. Friendly working relations inside and amongst the control are appreciated and supported by the magnetic associations nursing headship and their workers (Nursecredentialing.org, 2015). The goal of practice for the exemplary expert is based in a safety standard, quality analyzing, and development in quality of service. The nursing staffs work in partnership with other authorities to make sure that the given care is complete, coordinated, and supervised for efficiency throughout the development of quality of model (Cosgrove, 2011). The staff or the nurses first analyze information and use nationwide standards to get a relative viewpoint regarding their presentation and the patients care. Magnet organization information demonstrates result output measures that usually do better than the yardstick value of the nationwide record that use in the patient and the nurse relationship (Morle, 2011). The consultation and the sources (both inside and outside) like medical library are the example of this component. Both professional nursing associations and community associations participation is encouraged (Clark, 2011).The exemplary professional practice and its associated components also facilitate the evidence based leadership in an organization. 4. Knowledge, improvements, and innovations as the magnetic components integrate quality based practice and research practice into the operation of the hospital and patients. Staffs are experienced relating quality based practice, allowing to properly discovering the effective and best services for patients. Innovations are related to the patients care, services from the nurse, and the practice surroundings is the characteristic of associations getting the magnet acknowledgment. Establishment of novice methods for getting high quality, best care is the result of the components transformable leadership, empowering structure and process, and excellent qualified practice in nursing service, Research staff, professionals collaborate together to perform the function (Thomas Herrin, 2011). The knowledge, improvement, and innovations and its associate forces persuade the proof based leadership. 5. The empirical measurement of the quality results connected to leadership in nursing and experimental practice in the forces of magnet. The results are classified in conditions of experimental result relating nurse service, workers outputs, patient and customer outcomes, and institutional outcomes. This shows the outcome for a magnet supported organization. The result is the patient nurse outcome, the patient and costumer relation and care outcomes. The empirical measurement and quality and its associated force influence the evidence based nursing leadership. 2 examples of each component and its associated forces and how they influence patient care in a health care organization: Transformational leadership: The associated components are quality of nursing leadership and management style. In magnet organization staff nurse monthly roundtables with the chief nursing officer presents a good and quality nursing leadership and management style.This affect the quality of nusricg service and care towards the patients. In a magnet organization staff nurse participation in strategic planning and performance improvement initiatives is also a good example of nursing leadership and management style. This improves the quality of service towards the patients. Structural empowerment: In an organization the establishment of a just culture in the hospital supports professional accountability and error reporting in an effort to improve patient safety rather than punish or ostracize people for their mistakes. This establishment of just culture satisfies the decision-making, support professional association movement and include their support based principles into perform. The establishment of a just culture in the magnet hospitals improves the patients care. In a magnet organization creation of a peer-review council in the hospital allows those in the know to conduct performance evaluation, not those far removed from the work. The creation of a peer review improves the nursing care towards the patient. Exemplary Professional Practice: In an organization a staff nurse leadership group focused exclusively on the quality, safety, and outcomes of nursing care, and several committed to improvements in patient outcomes around nursing-specific indicators; the quality and safety affect the patient care in appositive way. Development of a care delivery model in a magnet organization often helps the nursing staff getting evidence based knowledge that help in the proper patient care. The care delivery module can help the nurse to serve better. New Knowledge, Innovations and Improvements A new information technology nurse resource group in a magnet hospital dedicated to advancing the science of nursing through direct care nursing involvement in the technology that shapes the care for the patients in the hospital environment. The new information technology in the magnet organization improves the quality of nursing service. Development of fall prevention strategies in a magnet organization and a department dedicated to nursing research and empowering nurses at all levels to actively participate in research and evidence-based practice activities. The prevention methods in a hospital definitely improve the quality of patient care. Empirical Quality Outcomes: Nurses improve patient care through the evidence-based practice in a magnet organization. The practical knowledge of patient care helps the nurse to provide the best care to the patients. So the quality and experience is very much important in the patient care. The evidence practice improves the quality of the patient care. Serving practice become more perfect is the main principles of a magnet organization. Its one thing to observe a problem, but it takes thought and initiative to seek the best solution and put it into action. Nurses provide the highest quality of care to their patients by observing, evaluating and improving current procedures as needed, using evidence-based practice. References list: Clark, C. (2011). Student perspectives on faculty incivility in nursing education: An application of the concept of rankism.Nursing Outlook, 56(1), 4-8. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2011.08.003 Cosgrove, J. (2011). Five Keys to Successful Nursing Management Five Keys to Successful Nursing Management.Nursing Standard, 17(37), 29-29. doi:10.7748/ns2011.05.17.37.29.b11 Crozerkeystone.org,. (2015). The New Magnet Model: 5 Magnet Components - Crozer-Keystone Health System - PA. Retrieved 31 August 2015, from https://www.crozerkeystone.org/healthcare-professionals/nursing/crozer-keystone-nurses-in-the-news/eNewsletters/2010/special-magnet/the-new-magnet-model-5-magnet-components/ Morle, K. (2011). Current issues in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 6(4), 189. doi:10.1016/0260-6917(86)90018-3 Nursecredentialing.org,. (2015). Forces of Magnetism. Retrieved 31 August 2015, from https://www.nursecredentialing.org/ForcesofMagnetism.aspx Patricia R. Messmer and Marian C. Turkel, (2015) Magnetism and the Nursing Workforce. (2015), 234 to 245. Retrieved from https://file:///C:/Users/lap55/Downloads/490618_1349576191_Magnetism.pdf Thomas, J., Herrin, D. (2011). Executive Master of Science in Nursing Program. JONA: The Journal Of Nursing Administration, 38(2), 64-67. doi:10.1097/01.nna.0000310717.53591.09 Woodworth, J. (2015). Promotion of Nursing Student Civility in Nursing Education: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/nuf.12138

Imperialism and Globalization

On Imperialism and Globalization One of the modern world’s greatest concerns at present, the issue of globalization has affected certain countries and states much more than one can imagine. Bringing numerous changes to people’s life, their state’s policies and economy, globalization mixed with imperialism creates a fusion that can affect people’s lives in the most negative way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism and Globalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of the fact that Haiti is already past the threatening state of affairs that it experienced at the times of imperialism, it still survives the aftereffects left by the reign of the latter. Although imperialism and globalization are rather widespread terms, they are quite hard to define, since they embrace a number of various phenomena and issues. However, incorporating certain ideas, scientists managed to find the definition for these all-embracing terms. Unifying the political, economical and social ideas, one can produce a definition that could encompass all the spheres that these notions touch upon. With help of this approach, one can find the most suitable definition for the abovementioned notions. Thus, it can be considered that globalization can be defined as an attempt to make the world states work in unity, whereas imperialism can be considered an aggressive attempt to capture the territories of the other state. The USA and Haiti: Surviving Hard Times One of the most famous examples of imperialism can be considered the relationships between the USA and Haiti. Though it was quite logical that the United States applied such approach to the Haitian territories, the fact of the imperialistic aggression could not be denied. According to what Social Studies School Service says, the reasons for such behavior in the distant 1915 were quite clear: â€Å"The U.S. certainly doesn’t want a German naval base come close to the United States and the Panama Channel† (194). As Renda marked, â€Å"By 1913 President Wilson and his advisers were searching for a way to translate that position into definitive control† (30).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Canada and Haiti Another case of imperialistic behavior towards the Haitians was registered as the Canadians made attempt to intrude into the policy and economics of Haiti. It is quite peculiar that this event took place in the XXI century, namely, in 2000-ies. As UTA Edco emphasized, â€Å"One of the most retrograde tendencies occurring within the Canadian non-profit sector has been its increasing collaboration with Canadian imperialism, notably in Afghanistan and Haiti† (188). It is worth noticing that such step was rather unexpected for the entire world. Bec ause of the Canada’s joining the imperialistic ideas, Haiti faced certain threat. Indeed, some time later the imperialistic Canada attempted to intrude into the state and impose their policy and their economics on the state and its citizens. According to UTA Edco, The Canadian Haiti Action Network has been extensively involved in exposing Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) funding and support for pseudo-human rights groups that have been used by the occupation forces and comprador Haitian elite to justify the detention of political prisoners such as Father Jean Juste in Haiti. (188) Conclusion: The Reconciliation Fortunately, the bone of discord that has remained for so long between Haiti and Canada, as well as Haiti and the USA, is now long forgotten. Trying to establish new relationships with each other and attempting to integrate into a single entity with help of the globalization process, people feel much freer nowadays. However, globalization, as the proces s involving certain hardships, must demand much time. Thus, it will take another couple of decades for the states to reconstruct their relations. Works Cited Renda, Mary A. Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U. S.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism and Globalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Imperialism, 1915-1940. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press Books, 2001. Print. Social Students School Service. Imperialism and Progressivism. Culver City, CA: Social Studies School Service, 2007. Print. UTA Edco. Upping the Anti #6. Toronto, CA: Thistle Printing, 2008. Print. This essay on Imperialism and Globalization was written and submitted by user L0ngsh0t to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Just A Game

Just a Game The effects video games have on youth today can cause them to have lower grades, less concentration in school, and produces laziness, and not to mention taking up valuable time and keeping a child indoors, but also helped develop hand-eye coordination, tactical skills, and strategic skills,. When young people purchase a new video game, they will sit in front of a television for hours upon hours trying to advance in the game as far as they can go without any interruptions. This only makes students think about it while they sleep and even in school where their mind should focus more on their schoolwork, basically twenty-four seven With less concentration in school, caused by late night gaming or just non-stop thinking about the game, students’ grades plummet. The drop may not occur suddenly, but it will descend noticeably. Besides, papers and essays become harder to write when a brand new video game sitting right in front of them. These entertaining games also have a tendency of keeping children inside on a beautiful day, causing them to miss fun outdoor activities with family and friends. The child then slowly becomes unsociable. Children and young adults need the proper balance of indoor and outdoor activities to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Staying cooped up in a house can wear on a person’s mind after a while; causing stress on the mind, eyes, hands, and not to mention becoming obese. While most games teach children valuable skills later mentioned, the young persons just sit around allowing their metabolism to slow down and cause gained weight. Arthritis, another health concern of video games, develops if a person plays long enough; their hands will start to cramp, become sore, and calluses may also form from too much gaming. Playing video games takes up more useful time than anything elsetime that, instead of playing games, one could study for a test, complete homework, do laundry, or mow the yard, ... Free Essays on Just A Game Free Essays on Just A Game Just a Game The effects video games have on youth today can cause them to have lower grades, less concentration in school, and produces laziness, and not to mention taking up valuable time and keeping a child indoors, but also helped develop hand-eye coordination, tactical skills, and strategic skills,. When young people purchase a new video game, they will sit in front of a television for hours upon hours trying to advance in the game as far as they can go without any interruptions. This only makes students think about it while they sleep and even in school where their mind should focus more on their schoolwork, basically twenty-four seven With less concentration in school, caused by late night gaming or just non-stop thinking about the game, students’ grades plummet. The drop may not occur suddenly, but it will descend noticeably. Besides, papers and essays become harder to write when a brand new video game sitting right in front of them. These entertaining games also have a tendency of keeping children inside on a beautiful day, causing them to miss fun outdoor activities with family and friends. The child then slowly becomes unsociable. Children and young adults need the proper balance of indoor and outdoor activities to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Staying cooped up in a house can wear on a person’s mind after a while; causing stress on the mind, eyes, hands, and not to mention becoming obese. While most games teach children valuable skills later mentioned, the young persons just sit around allowing their metabolism to slow down and cause gained weight. Arthritis, another health concern of video games, develops if a person plays long enough; their hands will start to cramp, become sore, and calluses may also form from too much gaming. Playing video games takes up more useful time than anything elsetime that, instead of playing games, one could study for a test, complete homework, do laundry, or mow the yard, ...

Personal Visual Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Visual Narrative - Essay Example There are various forms of visual rhetoric that we encounter every day. Some of these are very obvious and include arts accompanied with images. Visual rhetoric is a form of art where there is an image of the subject accompanied by some texts to deliver information to viewers. An example is a photo of a sports care and a lady that is accompanied by the writing â€Å"all a man wants.† This form of visual rhetoric is easy to understand. If one does not get the idea on the picture, then the accompanying text will explain. These images are very simple to understand. The subject matter of these images is put in a central position. The advertisers make the subject photo be easily noticeable in order or viewers to understand. The text in the photo also explains the subject in a simple and clear manner. Such kinds of images are the most common forms of visual rhetoric (86). Other visual rhetorics are very difficult to understand. Such examples include semiotics or signs and are difficult to understand because one needs to comprehend the product first.Also, semiotics and signs come in three kinds as an icon, index or symbol. If one does not know the objective of the business, it is difficult to understand. A good example is the banks that use signs or symbols to advertise. This form of advertisement is meant to appeal to the logos of the customers. The colors used are meant to explain something to the customer (p 101). At the same time, the signs are brief and do not have any explaining text accompanying them. Some of the most unexpected visual rhetoric’s I found were pie charts and graphs. These are not popular form of visual rhetoric but, they are still found in magazines and newspapers. These charts are used to compare the business against its competitors. The pie charts and graphs show diverse aspect of performance and define the pros and cons of a

Godfather Death and Rappaccini's Daughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Godfather Death and Rappaccini's Daughter - Essay Example According to him, Death was the best choice because it did not discriminate on any person. Similarly, in ‘Rappaccini's Daughter’, there Giovanni is fascinated about nature’s flowers and them that he gets wing of Beatrice â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter†. Therefore, the two works above shows or portrays the elements that are found within nature and how they would be handled. â€Å"Godfather Death" makes death as its evidence while whereas â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter† makes use of the beautiful flowers. The two evidences used are a representative of nature (Smith). This article gives an account of two men who are determined to change the wrong things that are within their society. They feel that some people are being mistreated and that this needs change. This is shown by their actions that serve to facilitate administration of fairness and elimination of mistreatments. Part two The selected works look at a natural aspect that is found within the two sett ings. In finding a godfather for his son, the father has three choices form which he must come up with one. This is in relation to the knowledge of father on the three aspects that are found within nature. Similarly, in â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter† the flowers and the garden represent nature and the flowers that are found with it. Therefore, this is a reflection of nature and the views of two men about nature aspects. Giovanni marvels at the garden and all its vegetation and as he goes on further into the garden, he notices that doctor Rappaccini is focusing on some flowers. He finds out that Beatrice is watching over the flowers, and he decides to change this aspect. According to him, Beatrice had been blessed with beauty and needed to be treated with care (Smith). Giovanni compared Beatrice with a flower that needed care in regard to treatment. For instance, she needed glove and a mask when being handled. Contrary, to this, her father made her watch over the flowers that he adored so much within the garden. He goes to her and leads her to the house. On the other hand, the father of the son had three aspects that qualified to be candidates for the position of a godfather for the son. The father goes on to look at all the three aspects in details by looking at their negative sides. On the aspect of God, the father says that God cannot be chosen as a Godfather because he brought poverty to the world. God created poverty for the world, and as a result, many people are suffering. The other aspect that was looked at was the acts of the devil on earth. Likewise, the devil did not qualify because of the evil things and actions that were associated with him. Finally, the father settles for death because it did not discriminate people in its actions. Death would befall the poor and even the rich without considering their status in the society. The son follows all that death required him to do until when he felt that something was not going right, and because of that, he decided to go against those requirements of Godfather Death. This is in relation to the sickness that he saw within people. According to him, this was unacceptable, and that is the reason that made him disobey orders given out by death. The paragraphs above gives an account of two men who go against forces of nature because they feel that their actions are unfair to people. In the case of Beatrice, Rappaccini's Daughter, it was not right to keep her outside to watch over flowers as her father made h

The relationship of PR on the Dominant, Counter-Narrative and Power Essay

The relationship of PR on the Dominant, Counter-Narrative and Power - Essay Example The powerful tool of communication through interaction that allows people to share their stories and disseminate that story caused them to unite their experiences. This paper aims to discuss the relationship of dominant narrative and counter-narrative, and the role of public relations to the narratives and its neutrality. Dominant Narrative and Counter-Narrative Dominant narrative is the depiction of real stories that is shaped by culture, social order, and experiences. Bruner (1991) examined the social construction of reality through text, which is referred as the narrative. The author added that dominant narrative is ruled by the conventionality of society wherein such thoughts or acts are considered as valid or within its acceptable limits. It has become the basis on how the human minds are formed through the socially structured concepts on their beliefs, traditions, and experiences. According to Stewart and Maxwell (2010, p. 35), dominant narratives serve as a prototype that enab les people to identify their personal experience as a universal one. Thus, dominant narrative influences how people view the world where they interact and live. When people have a different experience and understanding of the universal stories or the cultural narratives, a counter-narrative emerges that challenges the acceptable beliefs of a society. Willis, Inman, and Valenti (2010) assert that counter-narrative desires to replace the accepted truth by insisting on the truth on their narratives. The narratives contain the analysis and criticism of â€Å"dominant discourses† through disclosing the propensity, shortcoming, and limitation of the comprehensive theories â€Å"to make transparent the relations of power behind specific claims of truth† (Mooney & Evans, 2007, p. 47). Thus, the existence of counter-narratives is caused by the dominant narratives, which define its relationship. Without dominant culture, there will be no arguments that will challenge the univers al truth. This is construed by Bamberg and Andrews (2004, p. x) that counter-narrative â€Å"only makes sense to something else that which they are countering.† Counter-narrative is often associated when other people have different beliefs, which have not been told. Hall (1980) further explains the connection of broadcasting to the narratives. He indicates that media operation is centered on stimulating the dominant narrative because listeners with a different perspective will challenge the idea and eventually ignore the message. Role of Public Relations Public relations is a useful tool in managing and preserving the relationship between an organization and the public, but not only business sector utilizes PR -- even politics. The primary goal of PR is to shift the public opinion that will be favorable to a certain organization or a person (Ledingham & Bruning, 2000). Since Ledingham and Bruning considered that PR manages relations to be positive in the perception of the pub lic, it has a role to play in negotiating the dominant narratives and counter-narratives to gain the approval of the public. Heath (2000, p. 71) asserts that public relations conforms to the ethics of a society, aids in formulating value in which society functions, and provides society â€Å"commercial and policy value.† However, it can also be a powerful tool to persuade people in adopting another persons’ belief with the use of mass media. When individuals convey their point of view, it is natural that their opinion will generate

Critique of Utilitarianism Theory

Critique of Utilitarianism Theory Utilitarianism as an independent ethical position only arose in the eighteenth century however fundamental utilitarian ideas can be found in the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle. It is a philosophical theory of morality or how one should act which has historical roots within the liberal tradition. The aim of utilitarianism is to make decisions on the basis of a calculation of consequences. As a moral theory, There are however many critiques of utilitarianism which vary as they have different reasons and different targets due to the fact utilitarianism isnt a single coherent theory but a cluster of related theories which have developed throughout the years. In this essay I will be explaining some of the problems with utilitarianism as a theory and discussing whether these problems are insurmountable, for which I think they are. As a theory, utilitarianism is usually thought to start with Jeremy Bentham, however, similar ideas were evident in the writings of David Hume in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1)and Francis Hutchinson, whom David Hume studied under, in his An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (2). Utilitarianism tells us an act is moral insofar as it creates the greatest good for the greatest number. It tells us to take the amount of happiness distributed between sentient beings and look at which distribution is going to maximise the amount of happiness. It gives a systematic answer. Throughout the past two centuries utilitarianism has been very influential within practical disciplines of politics and economics. As a result, utilitarianism has had an influence modern life, particularly public policy. What could be more important when making political deliberations than aiming to make peoples lives better and less unhappy? One of the first utilitarian theorisers, Jeremy Bentham, is famously credited for being the founder of the doctrine. Bentham defined utility as instrumental to happiness. He believes that all judgements of good and bad can be based on pleasure and pain. He is seen as an advocate of psychological hedonism. In his famous introduction of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1979), Bentham states Nature has placed man under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. Therefore, pain and pleasure provide the basis for his moral theory of what we ought to do. Initially, he began his career by studying law and then moved on to moral ethics in order to advise legislators. He was primarily interested in improving the law and his goal for the legislator was the utilitarian principle or the greatest happiness principle. Therefore, his advice was not initially aimed for individuals and their life choices but for the legislator. Although Bentham sees pleasu re as the key of explaining how human beings act, he relies more often on the concept of pain when constructing his legal theory. While he does endorse act-utilitarianism, his sanction-based theory of obligation is more applicable to the legal system he was so interested in improving. John Stuart Mill is also one of the most well-known utilitarian thinkers and defenders of the theory. His celebrated thoughts can be found in his famous essay: Utilitarianism. Mill observes something of a crisis in moral thinking. Philosophical thinkers have been unable to come to a consensus on the principle of what constitutes right and wrong. Mill argues that having such a foundation is necessary to legitimise morality. This is why the theory of utilitarianism is so important. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill categorise and measure utility and pleasure in different ways. Bentham uses the hedonic calculus which decides the value of pleasure by seven measures of quantity: duration, intensity, certainty or uncertainty, remoteness or propinquity, fecundity, extent and purity. Bentham is well-known for his treating of all pleasures as of equal value. By this he means not that all pleasures are of exactly equal, but that the legislator who his work on utilitarianism is aimed at should not be valuing one pleasure above another. John Stuart Mill however saw pleasures in two categories higher and lower pleasures. A criticism of John Stuart Mills utilitarianism, and the first problem with the theory that I shall be addressing, is his categorisation of higher and lower pleasures. The difference between these pleasures is founded on sort and not degree, therefore this makes comparison of the consequence of actions far more difficult to calculate. Higher and lower pleasures cannot be measure or compared as they are of a different kind. How would Mills version of utilitarianism be applied in situations in which bother higher and lower pleasures are involved in the calculation? In relation to John Stuart Mills classification of higher and lower pleasures, a common criticism of simple versions of the theory such as Benthams utilitarianism is that they reduce the subtleties of human life to a stark calculation of animal-like pleasures, with no concern for how these pleasures are produced. This gave utilitarianism a bad name and it was often mocked as a doctrine only worthy of swine. (philosophy of the classics, mill utilitarianism). John Stuart Mill defends utilitarianism from such criticism with his version which differs from Jeremy Benthams simple version: Mills differentiation between higher and lower pleasures puts forward that intellectual pleasures are intrinsically more valuable that physical pleasures. Bentham however treats all pleasures as equal to each other. So, when utilitarianism is described as a doctrine worthy only of swine, Mill argues that it is better to be a dissatisfied human being than a satisfied pig; and better to be a dissatisfied So crates than a satisfied fool. His defence is that human beings are capable of intellectual pleasures as well as physical ones, whereas pigs cannot enjoy intellectual pleasures. In his view, humans who have experienced intellectual pleasures will prefer them to lower, physical ones. Those who still are lead astray by lower physical ones are falling for immediate sensual gratification, even though they know full well that higher, intellectual pleasures are more worthwhile. John Stuart Mils idea of higher and lower pleasures has been viewed as flawed in itself. It has been criticised as a self-serving idea. For example, an intellectual will view his preferred enjoyments as a higher, more important pleasure. Therefore, as an intellectual, it could be argued that Mill himself is biased towards what constitutes as higher and lower pleasures. A further and harsh criticism of utilitarianism is that the theory would justify slavery. This is as long as the slaves were happy or the overall happiness gained by the beneficiaries of the slavery was calculated as than the slaves unhappiness. Bentham fiercely denies this to be the case, as he argues that the choices of human beings give the best inclination of what makes humans happy, and slavery by definition is never a choice and therefore slaves can never be said to be happy. Bentham is also well known for his application of utilitarianism as the greatest happiness for the greatest number. This can subsequently be translated to mean that utilitarianism sacrifices the unfortunate few the powerful many. Therefore it has been argued by some that regarding the slavery example mentioned previously; if the vast economic benefits of slavery outweighed the unhappiness of the slaves then slavery is still favoured by utilitarianism. Bentham argues against this however as he claims the greatest happiness for the greatest number should be applied in a way that the interest of the powerless many should be more important than the interests of the powerful few. Another fundamental criticism of utilitarianism is that it ignores justice. A classic example of this criticism was given by H. J. McCloskey McCloskey, H.J. (1957) An Examination of Restricted Utilitarianism in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 66, No. 4 (Oct., 1957), pp. 466-485. If framing an innocent man for a crime that would reduce the further riots and pain that looking for the real guilty person would incur, utilitarian theory would suggest that this would be the optimal choice as although an innocent man will suffer, for a greater number of people less pain will be caused, incurring in a calculation of more pleasure overall. Therefore, if the sole aim of utilitarian theory is to maximise pleasure and reduce pain for the greater number, justice will be ignored in situations such as this example. Bentham however argues that it is a serious misrepresentation to say that utilitarians would be willing to ignore justice and punish an innocent man in the name of the greater good. ADD t o benthams defence. Another problem with utilitarianism is the impracticality of calculating the utility of actions in real time. The calculation of utility is said to be self-defeating as by the time the best utilitarian course of action has been calculated and decided, the opportunity to take this action may well have passed. How can one calculate which of all possible actions will maximise the most happiness overall. What if one is in a dilemma and has a decision to make quickly? In high pressure situations, one usually does not have time to sit down and make exact calculations regarding which decision will bring about the most happiness and minimise pain. Mill deflected this objection with the response that humans learn general moral principle though experience that can later be relied on in such situations. Exact calculations are not necessary for each situation in life as this would be impractical. In chapter 2 of his essay Utilitarianism, Mill replies to such criticism: In such circumstances, one should follow common-sense moral rules, which summarize lots of human experience, and tend to guide us toward actions that promote general happiness and away from actions that tend to dampen it. Also, one can cultivate habits and train individual character, so that people become disposed to act in ways that are happiness-promoting. I feel his reply is valid as utilitarianism as a theory is still in use when making decisions in ordinary situations without exact calculations. It is logical to assume common sense moral rules as guidance when making decisions without needing to apply exact calculations. A further problem of John Stuart Mills utilitarianism is that strict application of some utilitarian principles can result in unpalatable consequences. This has been argued by many of utilitarianism critics and there are plentiful examples of scenarios where consequences of utilitarianism being applied leads to unacceptable consequences. A great difficulty with utilitarianism is that for one to truly take on a core principle such as the greatest happiness for the greatest number, is very demanding. Everything action an individual undertakes would become a moral obligation to help a greater number of people. It requires the actor to be impartial regarding his own happiness and desires and focus neutrally on the happiness of others over one sown. as between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator. (jsmill utilitarianism chapter 2) What makes this so demanding is the excessive amount of strangers in need of help and the indefinite opportunities there are to make sacrifices to maximise their happiness. This is also a problem as there is no differentiation between helping your friends and family before complete strangers. For example, choosing to work excessively and earn as much money as possible to help those in poverty wou ld be the correct utilitarian choice as it does the most good for the most people. We would become charitable cogs and ignore our human nature to have personal leisure time for example and engage with our individual wants and needs. This ties in with the criticism of utilitarianism that it ignores individuality and individual rights which is a main topic of criticism. As a theory, utilitarianism cannot respect the rights of individuals mill defends. Taking into account John Stuart Mills defence, I personally do not think that utilitarianism looks at individuals as unique and groups people together without regard for their individuality. One would become a martyr for greater happiness, disregarding ones own, apparently less important wants, needs and desires. Utilitarian thinkers argue that the world would in fact be a much better place if we did live by principle. I disagree and feel that in this sense utilitarianism is overly demanding and has a lack of respect for individual righ ts. This is a key problem with the theory that I do not believe is insurmountable as it would deter individuals from engaging with the theory. Act-utilitarianism is too demanding Therefore critics of utilitarian argue this overly demanding theory would leave one with a life of hardship and austerity. Bernard Williams is an infamous critic of utilitarian theory. He states that we need a sense of integrity and commitments to justify any morality. He effectively argues that utilitarianism misses moral agency. His example of this problem with utilitarianism is the differentiation between an act and the consequence. It is hard to justify that the action rather than a possibly terrible consequence is what makes an action immoral. Too much egoistic weight is placed on personal actions. For example, the action of shooting someone with a gun rather than the victim dying is what is wrong with such a scenario for a utilitarian. Williams argues that we do not judge actions by their consequences and this notion of utilitarianism should be rejected no matter how plausible it may seem. Williams believes this way of judgement removes what it is to be human from the scenario. Moral decision should preserve our psychological identity and integrity. John Stuart Millss proof of utilitarianism has also come under constant criticism. His answer the question why maximise happiness? is controversial. Mills claim is that happiness is pursued as an end in itself and is the aim of all human activity. If someone claims that they pursue virtue as an end in itself, Mill argues that this is just an ingredient in their life of happiness and just a means leading to the same end: happiness, pleasure and the avoidance of pain. Virtue is just part of their happiness. So for Mill, the question of why maximise happiness? is in fact a question of why happiness is desirable. His analogous answer to this is that The only way we can prove an object is visible is by demonstrating that people can actually see it. Therefore the evidence that happiness is desirable is that people desire it. This evidence of proof has come under much criticism as it is argued by Henry Sidgwick that itis based on a bad argument. First of all he criticises the comparison of what is desirable and what is visible. Visible means can be seen however desirable doesnt actually translate to can be desired. In fact it is more correctly translated to mean should be desired. This weakness of John Stuart Mills analogy makes it hard to compare what people do desire to what people should desire. Therefore, his proof of happiness being desirable is based fully on bad argument. As the fundamental aim of utilitarianism is the maximise happiness, the fact that Mill has difficulty proving that happiness is what the people desire is a fundamental problem with the theory that I do not feel can be ignored. It is also argued that if John Stuart Mill had given a correct analogy, his argument would have lead to a selfish version of utilitarianism compared to the utilitarian approach that the greatest happiness for the greatest number its aim. In Mills example, individuals wanting their own personal happiness will add up to an aggregate happiness. Therefore, it is argued he needs a far stronger argument than his given analogy to prove that general happiness is what all people should aim for. It is clear that utilitarianism, although often considered a simple theory which declares that the morally right action in any circumstances is the one which is most likely to maximise happiness, is actually a very complex cluster of related theories which have developed rapidly since the 18th century. Throughout this time many features of utilitarianism have come under constant criticism and as a normative theory it has been widely accused of being unworkable. I do believe that utilitarianism has flaws which John Stuart Mill as the theorys key defender has been unable to explain adequately. A lot of Mills utilitarianism is defendable such as how he deals with the objection that the calculations are impractical. However some of his answers to criticism do not persuade me that the problems with utilitarianism are surmountable. I sympathise with the criticism that utilitarianism is overly demanding and following rule utilitarianism strictly would lead to a life of austerity and self-de nial. As a moral basis for some decision making I think utilitarianism could have use in society today, however, as moral theory I do not think that it upholds and the problems within it are insurmountable. The criticisms I have mention in this essay are not exhaustive.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Religion and Death :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Religion and Death in Homer's Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How does the Ancient Greek beliefs of religion and death differ with the view of other cultural groups?   Death, the way it is represented in Homer's book, The Odyssey, is always caused by human error.   Whether their death was caused by greed, selfishness, or just being curious, many people died in The Odyssey.   Still, the question of what happens after we die remains.   Many religions have different beliefs of religious ideas from the Ancient Greeks.   Afterlife, is a belief where the comparisons among religions become extremely close. The Greek beliefs of gods and death are different from the modern day beliefs of other religions such as Judaism and Ancient Egyptian beliefs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example,   The Odyssey begins with a scene containing a conversation among the gods.   The goddess Athena, goddess of war and wisdom, is discussing the matter of Odysseus with Zeus, the head god and god of sky (Homer 10).   Of course these are not the only Greek gods and goddesses. Other examples of Greek gods and goddesses are Apollo, god of music, poetry, medicine, archery, and young unmarried men and Hestes, goddess of the home. As you can see, the Greeks believed in many gods unlike the people of the Jewish fate who believed in one god.   The Jewish god does not have an emblem that which it is represented by.   The belief is that the god is represented by everything.   For example, members of the Jewish religion believe god is everywhere, in everything, and represented by everything they do.   Another example of the religious differences is how Ancient Egyptians believed in idol gods which are gods represented in statues. Ancient Greek beliefs are different from those of other societies because of differences between how gods are represented in Judaism and Ancient Egyptian beliefs.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equally important are the Ancient Greek views of death.   Death caused by human error is widespread throughout the book.   Human error is encountered in each one of Odysseus's adventures on his return home.   The Kyklopes represented the greediness, selfishness, and uncilvilization of Odysseus's men.   Odysseus fell asleep and his men unleashed a bag of bad winds, throwing them off path (Homer 315).   Skylla and Kharybdis was a representation of death from nature when Odysseus's men stopped rowing and six of the men were killed.

Peuasive Speech on Uniforms Essay

Studies have shown that schools with uniforms function as a whole better than schools without them. Their attendance is better and there are fewer distractions. They instil school spirit and students look more professional. They eliminate fads and jealously between the students because of the latest designer labels. Everyone is treated equally with uniforms and it encourages self expression and individuality through academics, extracurricular activities and not by the clothing they wear. They eliminate a reason to feel self-conscious, helping to improve self-confidence of students. School uniforms ensure that students will come to school in appropriate clothing, and ready to learn. In grade 7 I learned that we would be getting uniforms for my grade 8 year. I wasn’t too pleased to hear the news but I soon realized all of the benefits of a uniform. Safety is a big issue in schools these days, especially with all the gang violence and shootings happening in Toronto. When a school has a uniform it is very easy to spot an outsider because of the way they are dressed. If everyone at school is wearing the uniform and someone enters a school not wearing the uniform they can easily be spotted and reported to the office. Many of you are on teams, be it in school or outside. Teams have uniforms to show pride and unity for the school or club they represent. How good does it feel putting on that football or rugby uniform before a game? When you put that uniform on all you can think of is the sport that jersey represents, your performance on the field. That uniform or jersey was specially made to be worn during that sport. When you win you feel pride in wearing the jersey around, and being seen in it. These same key points apply to school uniforms. School uniforms infuse school spirit inside and outside of school, when you put on that uniform and come to school all you should be thinking about it your performance in school, which encourages less distractions. A school uniform is designed specially to promote education and professionalism. Think about how much you spend on your school clothes each year. Regular clothing is becoming far more expensive than a uniform. Back to school shopping would get some much easier, with a school uniform. You would be able to get more nice and expensive clothes for outside of school. A school uniform is very durable and lasts longer than regular clothing because they are made especially for repeated wash and wear. They can also be handed down through siblings going to the same school.

Little Skate Characteristics and Information

Little Skate Characteristics and Information The little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) is also known as the summer skate, little common skate, common skate, hedgehog skate, and tobacco box skate. They are classified as elasmobranchs, which means they are related to sharks and rays. Little skates are an Atlantic Ocean species that that live on the ocean bottom. In some areas, they are harvested and used as bait for other fisheries.   Description Like winter skates, little skates have a rounded snout and pectoral wings. They can grow to a length of about 21 inches and a weight of about 2 pounds. The dorsal side of a little skate may be dark brown, gray or light and dark brown in color. They may have dark spots on their dorsal surface. The ventral surface (underside) is lighter in coloration and may be white or light gray. Little skates have thorny spines which vary in size and location depending on age and sex. This species can be confused with the winter skate, which has a similar coloration and also lives in the North Atlantic Ocean.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: BatoideaOrder: RajiformesFamily: RajidaeGenus:  LeucorajaSpecies:  erinacea Habitat and Distribution Little skates are found in the North Atlantic Ocean from southeastern Newfoundland, Canada to North Carolina, U.S.   These are a bottom-dwelling species that prefer shallow waters but may be found in water depths up to about 300 feet. They frequent sandy or gravel-covered bottoms. Feeding The little skate has a varied diet that includes crustaceans, amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and fish. Unlike the similar-looking winter skate, which seems to be more active during the night, little skates are more active during the day.   Reproduction Little skates reproduce sexually, with internal fertilization. One obvious difference between male and female skates is that males have  claspers  (near their pelvic fins, that lie on each side of the tail) that are used to transfer sperm to fertilize the females eggs. The eggs are laid in a capsule commonly called mermaids purse. These capsules, which are about 2 inches long, have tendrils on each corner so that they can anchor to seaweed. The female produces 10 to 35 eggs per year. Within the capsule, the young are nourished by egg yolk. The gestation period is several months, after which the young skates hatch. They are 3 to 4 inches long when they are born and look like miniature adults.   Conservation and Human Uses Little skates are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. They may be captured for food and the wings sold as imitation scallops or for use as other dishes. More often, they are harvested to be used as bait for lobster and eel traps. According to NOAA, that harvest occurs in Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland. References and Further Information: Bailly, N. 2014. Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825). In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species.Kittle, K. Little Skate. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed February 28, 2015.NOAA Fisheries: Greater Atlantic Region. What Were Doing to Learn More About Skates. Accessed February 28, 2015.Sulak, K.J., MacWhirter, P.D., Luke, K.E., Norem, A.D., Miller, J.M., Cooper, J.A., and L.E. Harris. Identification Guide to Skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and Adjacent Regions. Accessed February 28, 2015.Sulikowski, J., Kulka, D.W. Gedamke, T. 2009. Leucoraja erinacea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded on 28 February 2015.

LAJOM, John Froilan C. General Chemistry 2 Essays - Free Essays

LAJOM, John Froilan C. General Chemistry 2 Essays - Free Essays LAJOM, John Froilan C. General Chemistry 2 S11-08 Photo Essay Your TV doesn't speak English, it speaks frequency As part of our requirement in General Chemistry 2 and General Biology 2, we went to an exhibit led by college students in MB Hall and MB 6th Floor. The exhibitor of the model was Julius Osio Lumbera who was able to replicate on how signals are being transmitted from commercial broadcasting network into our own homes with the help of our antenna. A broadcasting network will spread signals in form of frequency and then be received by stirrer that rotates to vary direction and polarization sign als. Once turned on, you can see the sustained frequency circling the screen. When he started to make a call, a sudden interference in the signal occurred because of the p rincipal operating frequency of cellphones ranges from 700 to 800 MHz, strong enough to interrupt our signals in television. He also gave us a trivia about frequency and said that Smart is better than Globe because it gives off lower frequency signals better for penetration in solids like walls. With his exhibit, I was able to understand more about on how frequency travels from broadcasting network up to our homes.

Extremism as failure of state policies Research Paper

Extremism as failure of state policies - Research Paper Example The failure of state policies also seems to imply that dissatisfied individuals may resort to actions which may be very much different from the ideals held by the majority and the state. Moreover, weaknesses in state policies also seem to give rise to extremist ideals, with these ideals being seen as the more efficient solution to government and political issues. This paper shall evaluate extremism as a failure of state policies. Considerations of groups operating outside of the parliamentary system entirely will be included in this paper. Extra-parliamentary extremism considers illegal means and processes beyond acceptable channels as a way to secure extreme viewpoints and values which are not part of the mainstream ideals (George and Wilcox, 1992). Under these considerations, violent acts of para-military groups occupying political positions in different parts of the globe would be evaluated. This discussion shall be carried out based on the rise of extremism in Mali, mostly in ter ms of the causes of such emergence, including the perpetuation of terrorist and similar violent acts in the country. Body Extremism, defined Wintrobe (2005) defines extremism as the ideology which is not within the accepted ideals of society. Extremism also contrasts with the ideals of moderation. Eatwell and colleagues (2012, p. 8) also discuss that extremism is â€Å"typically related to actions and value systems that lie beyond the moral and political centre of society†. This term has traditionally been associated with communism and radicalism, but after the Second World War, this term has been associated with totalitarianism and authoritarianism (Eatwell, et.al., 2012). Viewpoints which were not within the prescribed government views were actually suppressed and controlled after the World War II. Despite the appropriate co-relation between the actions of these radicals and the definition of the term, those labeled as extremists and radicals have mostly rejected the label of extremism as they argue that their actions are being directed towards the western nations which are occupying their territory (Eatwell, et.al., 2012). Therefore, they argue that they are in fact within their rights to defend themselves against interfering countries. Despite their protestations however, their actions have long been accepted as extremist and radical by the government and by the international community. Even as extremism seems to be largely attributed to acts of insurgent groups, legitimate authorities have nevertheless also utilized this tool in order to secure political goals. Extremism is not the exclusive province of radicals or government oppositionists as it has also been used by the government itself in order to secure and implement its policies (Boyd-Judson, 2011). Thatcherism in the British government was actually at one point extracted as a response to the Buskellite big state post-war consensus (Eatwell, et.al., 2012, p. 9). Extremist Thatcherism was also apparent in the use of force in its war against Argentina and the use of force against internal opponents when the strength and power of the state failed to restore order. Political extremism has been discussed by various political writers, who, refer to this term as inclusive of fanatical mass movements, as well as the need for people to establish lines between what is acceptable and

Implementation reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Implementation reflection paper - Essay Example The most usual troubles include cutting trees, blocking rivers, extreme animal grazing, storms, overflows, and fires, notably, not all the ecologically disturbances can be attributed to man since others like flooding are nurture. These are some of the key issues examined under the study of ecological restoration which is a scientific discipline that studies the repairing of disturbed ecologies. To deal with these disturbances, restoration activities have been designed to restore the environment to its initial state before the disturbance occurred or to create a new and appropriate eco system where there had been none previously. Restoration projects are different in terms of objectives and methodology applied, majority of the restoration systems are however focused in re-establishing native species of animals or plants and/or repair of pre-existing ecological systems (Higgs, 2010). Restoration developments vary in their purposes and their ways and means of accomplishing those objecti ves, examples of the common restorative activities include; revegetation, which is the reestablishment of flora in places it had existed previously, this is often done with intention to control erosion by creating plant cover (Vaughn, 2010). Habitat enhancement by which a site’s suitability is enhanced to make it more conducive as a habitat for a given species, remediation involves the improvement of an existing ecosystem or replacing a deteriorated or destroyed ecosystem. Historically, the idea or restoration has been known for centuries but it is not until recently that notable action has been taken. Some of the most wide scale restoration projects in the world include the Florida wetland restoration in the United States and the Mau forest in Kenya where trees were replanted after years of deforestation. The wetlands in Florida had been drained and the indigenous plants cleared in and used as farms and pastures crops in the 60s as the land was reclaimed for crop cultivation , as a result many animal and plant species native to the everglades vanished since the environment had become hostile for them (Nellemann, 2010). However in 2001, efforts to restore the land were put in place, the water level was returned to normal through reduction of water canals in the region and as soon as the required hydrology was achieved the native species were introduced (Hogan, et al, 2011). A total of 143 acres of wetland were restored and 20 listed animal species reintroduced in to the wetlands and currently placed under the protection by the state to prevent future attempts to encroach the nurture habitat. In Kenya high deforestation in the Mau forest which is a critical catchment area that supplied water to the Africa’s largest freshwater Lake (Lake Victoria) this called for mitigate action which included a cessation of tree felling activities and planting of thousands of trees. After the BP oil spillage, the American coastal wetlands are also in need for exten sive restoration efforts as a result of extreme destruction of the ecosystem and consequent ill effects on marine plants and animals (Barbier, 2011). One of the concepts on which restoration draws is the concept of landscape ecology, this is because restored areas are often small and this puts them at risks similar to those that happen in situations of environmental

Networking topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Networking topic - Research Paper Example mmunication facilitates the similar communication as telephone without loss in reliability, functionality or quality; as well as in fulfillment by the ITU (or International Telecommunications Union) presented communication specifications. The term of VoIP is as well employed to denote the software and hardware utilized to perform such calls over the Internet network (BestPriceComputers). Internet Telephony is acknowledged as Voice over IP, which facilitates people to speak to other people over the Internet. Specifically, Internet telephony makes use of the Internet in place of public switch telephone to establish a connection between a calling party and one or more called parties. To do an Internet call, caller needs to install Internet telephone software. Because when the caller talks into a computer microphone, then the Internet telephone software and the computer’s sound card digitize and condense voice and then distribute the compressed voice over the Internet to the target party or listener. In the same way, a call receiver also needs to install the Internet telephone software as software at the receiving end reverse this procedure as a result call receiver can listen what caller party have said (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 464). In every VoIP communication system, caller’s voice is transformed into online data packets of data, similar to small fi les, as well as then distributed to the target or receiver over the web/Internet as well as decoded at the receiver end back into our voice. Also, to complete this process quickly, these online data packets are compressed prior to distribute, in the same way as we zip our files and folders for reducing their size (ProgrammerWorld) VoIP communication offers lot of advantages regarding better and effective communication. Below I have outlined some main advantages of the VoIP technology: (Garden), (BestPriceComputers), (Unuth) and (TechTarget): Facility of IVR, conference calling, automatic redial, call forwarding

The Knight and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales Essay Example for Free

The Knight and the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales Essay The Prologue in Chaucer’s CANTERBURY TALES is unique in the manner in which it introduces its unique cast of characters. Lines 43 to 80 are among the more interesting parts of the Prologue. Lines 43 – 44 The tale starts with the Knight and he was a worthy man Lines 45 – 46 From his earliest days he embodied chivalry Lines 47 – 48 He served his lord well in many wars. Lines 48 – 49 Much of the combat he saw was in the Crusades Lines 50 – 51 He fought a huge battle in Alexandria Lines 52 – 53 He fought in Latvia, Prussia and Russia Lines 54 – 55 His alliances were with powerful forces Lines 55 -56 He was a powerful and honored warrior and even fought in Grenada Lines 56 – 57 He fought in strange lands such as Algiers among others Lines 58 – 60 Not only were his successes on land, but also on the high seas Lines 61 -62 he fought fifteen battles in the Crusades Lines 63 – 64 He slew all who he faced Lines 65 -66 Allying with another nation to defeat the Turks Lines 67 -68 He amassed great fame, but he was not an egoist Lines 69 – 70 He was an honest man who always remained humble. Lines 71 – 72 He never said a foul word not acted without virtue Lines 72 -73 He was a great man, but not without personal problems Lines 74 – 75 he had a great team of horses, but was not happy and wore a frown. Lines 75 – 76 It was impossible for him to hide his feelings. Lines 77 – 78 Deciding he needed a vacation, he opted to tale a pilgrimage Lines 79 – 80 Taking his son with him, a lustful free spirit.

Teacher Education Students at the State University of New York Cortland :: Essays Papers

Teacher Education Students at the State University of New York Cortland A multicultural education incorporates not only culture, but race, social class, gender and disability. "Through guided classroom interaction students’ interracial attitudes may become more positive and accepting" (Chesler, 1971, p.613). Multicultural education has many goals (Kendall, 1996, p. 10). By providing this type of classroom experience children will learn to respect other cultures and to work with others of difference. By using resources that are in the community (parents, library, field trips..) teachers can incorporate this type of education into all subject areas. For example, a science teacher could combine multiculturalism by teaching about achievements made by people of different cultures and also of achievements by women. A multicultural education helps children develop a positive self-concept. By providing a multicultural curriculum students will learn to value other cultures as well as their own. A multicultural education means acceptance and the willingness to learn about others, which will help to make students’ successful members of society. Positive early experiences of multiculturalism in the classroom should be integrated in all aspects of a childs schooling, especially in science. Science is where hands on learning should occur. Teachers must take the time to understand that all children bring their prior experiences with them into the classroom. Children may have misconceptions about science based on their experiences or lack of experiences outside the class. For example, children who live in the city may have less knowledge about farm animals and their environment other than the concrete. Teachers must realize that children in different cultures may have different learning styles. "Culture and ethnicity have deep impact on our learning styles" (Kendall, 1996, p. 33). For example some Navajo children learn better through demonstration. A teacher must be careful not to stereotype children. Just because they are from a cer tain culture does not mean that they must be taught a certain way. Teachers must be aware that a child from a certain culture may learn in a certain way and it is up to the teacher to observe the child to find out what teaching approach is best. Exposing children at an early age to a learning environment with a rich variety of cultural and ethnic materials is essential for them to respect and appreciate others of a different race, gender, or cultural background. By incorporating multiculturalism into science, this gives children an opportunity to learn about people who may be unique from them.